Diet for pancreatitis

28 December 2020

It is very important to diet for pancreatitis, especially chronic pancreatitis. You need to eat as much protein as possible and at the same time you need to reduce or completely eliminate fats and carbohydrates, especially sugar, which is 99% carbohydrate, exclude fried foods and all foods with coarse fiber. It is advisable to start taking vitamins. You should eat a little, but often, that is, 5-6 times a day.

The pancreas is necessary for the normal functioning of the organism: it is thanks to the digestive juice that it secretes in the duodenal lumen that the main components of food products - proteins, fats and carbohydrates - are degraded. As a result of the digestion process that takes place in this part of the digestive tract, simpler compounds are obtained which enter the general bloodstream after absorption from the intestinal mucosa. Thus, nutrients, amino acids and vitamins necessary for metabolic processes in cells and for tissue building are formed from food in the duodenal region and reach all organs and systems of the body.

In addition, the pancreas produces insulin, which is necessary for normal carbohydrate metabolism, and lipokine, which prevents fatty degeneration of the liver.

The most common cause of pancreatitis is the abuse of fatty foods and alcoholic beverages. The disease can occur in acute and chronic forms. The diet for pancreatitis depends on the features of the course of the pathological process: the acute period requires a more strict attitude to diet and food products.

In acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas, cardinal digestive disorders occur, including:

the pH of the middle of the small intestine changes to the acidic side, as a result of this the patient experiences heartburn, a burning sensation in the intestines;
accumulate inside the gland, start the process of tissue self-digestion, causing severe pain in the abdomen in the navel, on the right;
toxic substances accumulate, self-poisoning of the body occurs;
violation of insulin secretion, causes diabetes mellitus.

The pathogenesis of pancreatitis develops as acute or chronic inflammation. The principle of treatment of all forms of pancreatitis includes, according to the indications:

surgical intervention;
drug replacement therapy, taking into account the nature of the inflammation, the patient's condition;
therapeutic dietetic food.

Proper nutrition in the stages of rehabilitation of pancreatitis, especially after discharge of the patient from the hospital, significantly increases the chances of a complete recovery or stabilization of the pathology.

It is at home that the principle of dietetic nutrition is often violated. In the meantime, it is important to follow the unchanging rules of a therapeutic regimen. In addition, the diets do not contain expensive products, their preparation is the easiest, including: chopping, boiling, steaming.

Diet for acute pancreatitis

During an exacerbation of an attack of pancreatitis, before the arrival of an ambulance, it is allowed to apply cold compresses to the painful area, usually the pain with a tampon. During this period, it is allowed to drink mineral water (for example, borjomi, narzan). The daily volume of fluid is five to six glasses, with normal urination. Simple fluids suppress the release of pancreatic juice into the lumen of the duodenum, reduce pain, and flush toxins from the body.

When a sick person is admitted to a medical facility, the patient will be assigned a dietetic meal developed by a dietitian.

To illustrate the principles of diets for pancreatitis, we have made excerpts from these documents. Numbered diets, officially, are not used in hospitals. With pancreatitis, diets with the abbreviation - SD and IAP are recommended.

In acute pancreatitis, the patient is prescribed hunger for the first two days. It is allowed to drink only rosehip broth or mineral water - one glass up to five times a day. On the third day, it is allowed to eat, but only low-calorie foods, excluding fats, salt and dishes that increase the secretion of gastric juice and stimulate the process of gas formation in the intestines.

On the following days, while the patient is in the hospital, he must strictly adhere to the regimen indicated by the doctor!

Stage of exacerbation discoloration of pancreatitis

Recommended diet taking into account the mechanical and biochemical savings of the intestinal mucous membranes.

This meal includes:

physiological level of the main components of food - proteins, fats, carbohydrates;
increase in the amount of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins;
low in substances which irritate the intestinal mucous membranes, including food seasonings;
it is forbidden to use spicy, salty, spicy, smoked.

Cooking methods: heat treatment with steam. Food is chopped, wiped dry, small pieces of prepared food are allowed. The temperature of food served on the table should not exceed 65⁰C. The recommended number of meals is five to six per day.

One daily serving contains 90 grams of total protein, 40 grams of animal origin.
Contains 80 grams of fat per day, 30 grams of vegetables.
The carbohydrate content of a daily serving is 300 grams, 60 grams easily digestible.
Energy value 2480 kilocalories.

Once the symptoms of acute pancreatitis have subsided, it is best to move on to soups, eat lean meat and fish, fresh cottage cheese, grains and vegetables, and puddings. Foods such as fruit juice, honey, jam, sugar should be reduced or eliminated from the diet. Before going to bed, laxative drinks are useful: kefir, yogurt, etc. It is important to completely abandon fatty foods, muffins, fried fish, bacon, sour cream, salty and smoked foods, pickles, onions, garlic, radishes, alcoholic beverages.

The recommended diet for acute pancreatitis should be followed for six months to a year. Almost one hundred percent of a patient's health depends on the extent to which he strictly adheres to the doctor's prescriptions for the diet. It is important to remember that all errors in the diet are immediately reflected in the state of the pancreas.

Chronic pancreatitis in remission

In this variation, a different approach to patient nutrition. During this period, nutritionists recommend including in the diet a high content of protein, a physiological level of fat. A more sophisticated approach to carbohydrates. Diet in the remission stage suggests:

protein is allowed slightly above the physiological norm;
standard for fats and complex carbohydrates in the form of cereals;
below standard include sugar, honey, jam, cakes, sweet pastries, table salt is also below standard.

In this option it is forbidden to eat substances that irritate the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. These products include vinegar, alcohol, and other substances used as seasonings.

Dishes are cooked, boiled, baked, steamed. It is allowed to serve food in the form of mash, not mash. Feed at short intervals, in small portions 4-6 times a day. The food is served hot. Its temperature does not exceed sixty degrees Celsius.

One daily serving contains 120 grams of total protein, including 50 grams of animal origin.
The daily serving contains 90 grams of fat, 30 grams of vegetable fat.
The daily carbohydrate portion contains 350 grams, 40 grams easily digestible.
Energy value 2690 kilocalories.

Diet for chronic pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis in most cases develops against the background of acute illness. At the same time, it can be primary if the patient suffers from cirrhosis of the liver, hepatitis, duodenal pathology, cholelithiasis, allergies, atherosclerosis and alcohol abuse.

Diet for chronic pancreatitis is considered the main one in the treatment of this disease. In remission, the number of calories in the daily diet should correspond to physical activity. It is recommended to take food up to six times a day, not to mention food, which is characterized by a laxative effect.

It is important to keep track of your daily protein intake. Since it is necessary for the normal course of recovery processes, it should be consumed in sufficient quantities - up to 130 grams per day, and only 30% of protein should be of plant origin.

The diet of a patient with chronic pancreatitis should include beef, veal, rabbit, chicken, turkey and lean pork. Forbidden: lamb, fatty pork, as well as goose, duck and game. If the patient is worried about frequent pain, that meat dishes are boiled, chopped or steamed, then you can not bake the dishes, fry them and stew. Lean fish is cooked the same way.

Low-fat meat and fish dishes help the patient to avoid fatty degeneration of the liver, which is of great importance in chronic pancreatitis. Homemade cottage cheese has a similar property, but only if it is non-acidic and fresh, store-bought cottage cheese is not recommended.

Pure milk in chronic pancreatitis is often poorly tolerated, so it is better to add it to cereals, soups, jelly when preparing them. Even though milk is well tolerated by patients, it should not be abused, drinking no more than half a glass of warm milk per day in small sips. Fresh dairy products are much more useful for people with pancreatitis. Cheese in remission, which is prohibited during an exacerbation of the disease, can be eaten in small amounts, provided that you are feeling well. The cheese should be lean and soft. Whole eggs are excluded from the diet, while steamed protein omelets, meals with whipped protein are allowed. In addition, eggs can be present as an additive in other dishes.

Proteins of plant origin can be represented by rice, yesterday's bread, breadcrumbs, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat, pasta. It is forbidden to eat legumes with pancreatitis.

Fat in the diet should not exceed 70 grams, 80% of which is animal fat, it is better to eat it with other dishes and food products. It is better to put oil in a prepared dish just before eating, vegetable oil is only allowed if it is well tolerated. Cooking fats, margarine, beef and pork fat are prohibited.

Carbohydrates in the daily diet should not contain more than 350 grams, they can be represented by sugar, honey, jam, syrup. From foods rich in carbohydrates, crackers, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat, barley, rice, pasta are allowed. In addition, patients are allowed to eat potatoes, carrots, beets, pumpkin, zucchini, squash. Vegetable dishes should be cooked with steam or water; you can eat steamed vegetable pudding. Boiled vegetables are best eaten in the form of mash with the addition of cereal broth.

Of the fruits, non-acidic apple varieties are recommended: ripe fruits can be baked, wiped, stewed, dried fruit compote is also useful.

Of all the sauces, bechamel made from milk and flour is considered the most optimal, and the flour is not sautéed and very little salt is added.

First courses (cereal soups, vegetables, milk, lean meat, fish, as well as sweet fruit soups).
Second courses (boiled beef, poultry, fish, chicken omelet).
Products containing cereals (cereals, pasta, white, dark bread, vegetable oil).
Dairy, fermented milk products (2. 5% milk, fermented milk products, butter).
Berries, fruits, vegetables (ripe, sweet) in raw form, baked in the oven, carrots, beets - boiled, as a dressing for soups, as side dishes and independent dishes.
Dessert (easily digestible carbohydrates for pancreatitis are limited, that is, below the physiological norm, jam, honey, sugar).
Drinks (milk tea, vegetables, fruit juices).
Specialty Products (Composite Blend of Dry Proteins) Water soluble fats and vitamins are added.

It is also important not to overeat, reducing the daily amount of food to 2. 5 kilograms, taking into account the liquid drunk. Food is taken frequently and in small portions.

Following all of the nutritional recommendations for pancreatitis can significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment in general.

Diet menu for pancreatitis

The number of products must be calculated on the basis of the above regulatory documents.

Here is an example of a daily diet menu for pancreatitis:

First meal (7: 00 am - 7: 30 am): boiled beef, oatmeal pudding, tea.

Second meal (9: 00-9: 30) omelet, baked apple, rosehip decoction.

Third meal (12: 00-13: 00): vegetable soup, beef soufflé, pasta, sweet berry jelly, compote.

Meal 4 (16: 00-16: 30): cottage cheese and tea.

Meal 5 (20: 00-20: 30): fish soufflé, tea.

What to exclude?

As you can see, in the pancreatic pancreatitis diet all dishes are prepared from lean meat and fish - and only in a boiled version. Fried foods are prohibited. You can eat dairy products with a minimum percentage of fat. It is advisable to drink only natural juices and compotes and liquid tea.

Must be deleted entirely:

All types of alcohol, sweet (grape juice) and carbonated drinks, cocoa, coffee
Products of animal origin: offal, including the first category, pork and lard, fatty fish, all smoked, spicy, fried products, instant products based on extractive substances.
Vegetable products: legumes, mushrooms, spinach, sorrel, onions, bakery products made from butter dough.
Desserts: chocolate, fatty creams.
Figs, grapes, bananas, dates.
Confectionery, chocolate, ice cream, jam.
Lard, cooking oils.
Hard-boiled eggs, whole egg dishes, fried eggs

Frequently asked questions

Is cinnamon allowed? Cinnamon is a condiment that can be purchased at a specialty store or supplied by distributors. What comes in packaged form in hypermarkets is an inexpensive option called cassia. This "analogue" is associated with myths about its healing effects in type 2 diabetes. This is not associated with the work of the gland, but with the response of insulin receptors in the tissues. There is no official confirmation of this. As for real cinnamon, it improves the production of digestive juice, which is undesirable in case of exacerbation of the disease.
Are organ meats allowed? The heart, stomach and liver are not a contraindication for pancreatitis if they are properly prepared. These foods can be eaten boiled or cooked. It is not recommended to eat them fried.
Are processed cheese, bread, chocolates and coffee allowed? Processed cheese should be as simple as possible, that is, without any seasoning or additives. Bread can be included in the menu. Chocolate is allowed in small quantities. Coffee is not recommended at any stage of the disease. Alternatively, you can drink coffee with milk and in small amounts.
Are rice and olive oil allowed? Rice is allowed. You can add olive oil to salads and other dishes.
Is brine allowed? At the stage of remission, a small amount of brine will not harm, but you should not drink large amounts of it.
Is salted lard allowed? Fat is hard on the liver and gallbladder. When used, the pancreas suffers a second time. Outside the exacerbation phase, lard is allowed, but in small quantities (up to two slices per day, up to twice a week).